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/*]]>*/</style><title>基础</title></head><body>
<div><font class="Apple-style-span" face="Consolas"><br></font></div><div><span style="line-height: 140%; "><font class="Apple-style-span" size="4" face="Consolas"><b>命令</b></font></span></div>
<!--StartFragment--><!--EndFragment--><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Consolas; font-size: 16px; ">&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;</span><font class="Apple-style-span" face="Consolas"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 240%; ">每个命令都用</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(255, 0, 0); line-height: 240%; ">分号（；）</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 240%; ">隔开，分号告诉&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 240%; ">MySQL&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: 240%; ">执行这个命令</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 240%; ">。</span></font></div>
<!--StartFragment--><!--EndFragment--><div><font class="Apple-style-span" face="Consolas"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 16px; ">&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 240%; ">MySQL</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 240%; ">提示符和持续符号：</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(255, 0, 0); line-height: 240%; ">&gt;</span><br></font></div>
<div><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: 240%; "><font class="Apple-style-span" face="Consolas"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal; line-height: normal; font-size: medium; "><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: 30px; ">&nbsp; &nbsp; 使用命令行前，</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 38px; ">确保将</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: 38px; ">C:\mysql\bin\mysql</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 38px; ">放入path路径</span></span><br></font></span></div><div><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 240%; "><font class="Apple-style-span" face="Consolas"><br></font></span></div><div><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 240%; "><b><font class="Apple-style-span" face="Consolas">大小写</font></b></span></div><div><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 240%; "><font class="Apple-style-span" face="Consolas">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 数据库被映射到具有某种文件结构的<b>目录</b>，而表则映射为<b>文件</b></font></span></div><div><font class="Apple-style-span" face="Consolas"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 240%; ">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: 240%; ">SQL</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: 240%; ">语句<font class="Apple-style-span" color="#ff0000">不区分大小写</font></span></font></div><div><font class="Apple-style-span" face="Consolas"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 240%; ">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 数据库和表的名称区分大小写或不区分（和OS一样）。</span><br></font></div><div><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 240%; "><font class="Apple-style-span" face="Consolas">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 列的名称和别名的名称<b>不区分大小写</b>，但同一SQL语句中不能混写</font></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Consolas; font-size: 16px; line-height: 38px; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><br></div>
<div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Consolas; font-weight: bold; line-height: 30px; font-size: large; ">MySQL服务的停止(windows)</span><br></div>
<div><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 190%; "><font class="Apple-style-span" face="Consolas"> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;NET STOP MySQL</font></span></div>
<div><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 240%; "><font class="Apple-style-span" face="Consolas"> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;或 mysqladmin shutdown</font></span></div>
<div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 38px;"><b><font class="Apple-style-span" face="Consolas"><br></font></b></span></div><div><span style="font-weight: bold; line-height: 240%; "><font class="Apple-style-span" size="4" face="Consolas">连接到MySQL</font></span></div>
<div><font class="Apple-style-span" face="Consolas"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 240%; "> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;进入命令行，</span><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-weight: bold; font-style: italic; color: rgb(255, 0, 0); line-height: 240%; ">mysql -h hostname -u username -p</span></font></div>
<div><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 190%; "><font class="Apple-style-span" face="Consolas"> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;-h, 指定主机，本机则可忽略</font></span></div>
<div><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 190%; "><font class="Apple-style-span" face="Consolas"> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;-u, 指定用户，不指定则默认登陆操作系统的用户名，u后可以无空格</font></span></div>
<div><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 190%; "><font class="Apple-style-span" face="Consolas"> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;-p, 告诉服务器要使用密码来连接mysql，执行后会提示输入密码。没有密码则忽略此项。</font></span></div>
<div><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 240%; "><font class="Apple-style-span" face="Consolas"> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;-p后面也可直接加密码，p后不要有空格</font></span></div><div><font class="Apple-style-span" face="Consolas"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 16px; line-height: 38px; ">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;登录时指定数据库：<font class="Apple-style-span" color="#ff0000"><b>-D</b></font> dbname</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 240%; ">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;</span></font></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 38px;"><font class="Apple-style-span" face="Consolas"><br></font></span></div>
<div><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 240%; "><b><font class="Apple-style-span" face="Consolas">退出mysql命令行</font></b></span></div><!--StartFragment--><!--EndFragment--><div><font class="Apple-style-span" face="Consolas">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 240%; ">exit or quit</span></font></div>
<div><font class="Apple-style-span" face="Consolas"><br></font></div><div><font class="Apple-style-span" face="Consolas"><br></font></div><div><b><font class="Apple-style-span" face="Consolas">运行现有的SQL文件</font></b></div><div><font class="Apple-style-span" face="Consolas"><br></font></div><div><!--StartFragment--><font class="Apple-style-span" face="Consolas"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 16px; line-height: 38px; ">&nbsp; &nbsp; &gt; mysql -h host -u user_name -D dbname -p <font class="Apple-style-span" color="#ff0000"><b>&lt;</b></font> someother.sql</span><br></font></div><div><font class="Apple-style-span" face="Consolas"><br></font></div><div><font class="Apple-style-span" face="Consolas"><br></font></div>
<div><b><font class="Apple-style-span" size="4" face="Consolas">基本DDL语句</font></b></div><div><font class="Apple-style-span" face="Consolas"><br></font></div><div><font class="Apple-style-span" face="Consolas">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <b>创建数据库</b></font></div><div><font class="Apple-style-span" face="Consolas">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; mysql &gt; <font class="Apple-style-span" color="#ff0000"><b>CREATE DATABASE</b> </font>test1;<br></font></div><div><font class="Apple-style-span" face="Consolas"><br></font></div><div><font class="Apple-style-span" face="Consolas">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <b>显示系统中存在的数据库</b><br></font></div><div><font class="Apple-style-span" face="Consolas">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; mysql &gt; <font class="Apple-style-span" color="#ff0000"><b>SHOW DATABASES</b></font>;<br></font></div><div><font class="Apple-style-span" face="Consolas"><br></font></div><div><font class="Apple-style-span" face="Consolas">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <b>选择要操作的数据库</b><br></font></div><div><font class="Apple-style-span" face="Consolas">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; mysql &gt; <font class="Apple-style-span" color="#ff0000"><b>USE </b></font>test1;<br></font></div><div><font class="Apple-style-span" face="Consolas"><br></font></div><div><font class="Apple-style-span" face="Consolas">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <b>查看当前数据库中有哪些表</b><br></font></div><div><font class="Apple-style-span" face="Consolas">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; mysql &gt; <b><font class="Apple-style-span" color="#ff0000">SHOW TABLES</font></b>;<br></font></div><div><font class="Apple-style-span" face="Consolas">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; mysql &gt; SHOW TABLES FROM db_name;<br></font></div><div><font class="Apple-style-span" face="Consolas"><br></font></div><div><font class="Apple-style-span" face="Consolas">&nbsp;<b> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 获取该表中的所有列</b></font></div><div><font class="Apple-style-span" face="Consolas">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; mysql &gt; SHOW COLUMNS FROM db_name from table_name;<br></font></div><div><font class="Apple-style-span" face="Consolas">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; mysql &gt; SHOW COLUMNS FROM db_name.table_name;<br></font></div><div><font class="Apple-style-span" face="Consolas"><br></font></div><div><font class="Apple-style-span" face="Consolas">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <b>删除数据库</b><br></font></div><div><font class="Apple-style-span" face="Consolas">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; mysql &gt; <font class="Apple-style-span" color="#ff0000"><b>DROP DATABASE</b></font> test1;<br></font></div><div><font class="Apple-style-span" face="Consolas"><br></font></div><div><font class="Apple-style-span" face="Consolas">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <b>创建表</b><br></font></div><div><font class="Apple-style-span" face="Consolas">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; mysql &gt; <b><font class="Apple-style-span" color="#ff0000">CREATE TABLE</font></b> tablename (</font><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Consolas; ">&nbsp;column_name_1 &nbsp;column_type_1 &nbsp;constraints,</span></div><div><font class="Apple-style-span" face="Consolas">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;column_name_2 &nbsp;column_type_2 &nbsp;constraints,</font></div><div><font class="Apple-style-span" face="Consolas">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;...<br></font></div><div><font class="Apple-style-span" face="Consolas">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;column_name_n &nbsp;column_type_n &nbsp;constraints);<br></font></div><div><!--StartFragment--><font class="Apple-style-span" face="Consolas">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;<br></font></div><div><!--StartFragment--><font class="Apple-style-span" face="Consolas">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;<b>查看表的定义</b><br></font></div><div><!--StartFragment--><font class="Apple-style-span" face="Consolas">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;<!--EndFragment-->&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; mysql &gt; <b><font class="Apple-style-span" color="#ff0000">DESC</font></b> tablename;<br></font></div><div><font class="Apple-style-span" face="Consolas">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 或用<font class="Apple-style-span" color="#ff0000"><b>DESCRIBE</b></font>亦可</font></div><div><font class="Apple-style-span" face="Consolas"><br></font></div><div><!--StartFragment--><font class="Apple-style-span" face="Consolas">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;<b>查看创建表的SQL语句</b><br></font></div><div><!--StartFragment--><font class="Apple-style-span" face="Consolas">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;<!--EndFragment-->&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; mysql &gt; <font class="Apple-style-span" color="#ff0000"><b>SHOW CREATE TABLE </b></font>tablename <font class="Apple-style-span" color="#ff0000"><b>\G</b></font>; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;// \G 使得记录能够按照字段竖向排列<br></font></div><!--StartFragment--><!--EndFragment--><!--StartFragment--><!--EndFragment--><!--StartFragment--><!--EndFragment--><!--StartFragment--><!--EndFragment--><div><!--StartFragment--><font class="Apple-style-span" face="Consolas">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;<!--EndFragment--><br></font></div><div><!--StartFragment--><font class="Apple-style-span" face="Consolas">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;<b>删除表</b><br></font></div><div><!--StartFragment--><font class="Apple-style-span" face="Consolas">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;<!--EndFragment-->&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; mysql &gt; <font class="Apple-style-span" color="#ff0000"><b>DROP TABLE</b></font> tablename;<br></font></div><!--StartFragment--><!--EndFragment--><div><font class="Apple-style-span" face="Consolas"><br></font></div><div><font class="Apple-style-span" face="Consolas">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;<b>&nbsp;创建索引</b></font></div><div><font class="Apple-style-span" face="Consolas">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;主键会自动创建索引</font></div><div><font class="Apple-style-span" face="Consolas">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;非主键的列，可以添加索引来改善性能</font></div><div><font class="Apple-style-span" face="Consolas">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;<font class="Apple-style-span" color="#ff0000"><b>CREATE</b></font> &nbsp;[UNIQUE|FULLTEXT] <font class="Apple-style-span" color="#ff0000"><b>INDEX</b></font> index_name</font></div><div><font class="Apple-style-span" face="Consolas">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;ON table_name &nbsp;( index_column_name &nbsp;[(length)] &nbsp;[ASC | DESC], ...])</font></div><div><!--StartFragment--><font class="Apple-style-span" face="Consolas">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;<!--EndFragment-->&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</font></div><div><!--StartFragment--><font class="Apple-style-span" face="Consolas">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;<!--EndFragment-->&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; FULLTEXT索引用来索引文本字段<br></font></div><div><!--StartFragment--><font class="Apple-style-span" face="Consolas">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;<!--EndFragment-->&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; length 字段允许指定只有该字段前length个字符将被索引<br></font></div><!--StartFragment--><!--EndFragment--><!--StartFragment--><!--EndFragment--><!--StartFragment--><!--EndFragment--><!--StartFragment--><!--EndFragment--><div><font class="Apple-style-span" face="Consolas">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;<br></font></div><div><font class="Apple-style-span" face="Consolas"><b>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 查看用户所拥有的权限</b><br></font></div><div><font class="Apple-style-span" face="Consolas">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; mysql &gt; SHOW GRANTS for user_name;<br></font></div><div><font class="Apple-style-span" face="Consolas"><br></font></div><div><font class="Apple-style-span" face="Consolas"><br></font></div><div><font class="Apple-style-span" size="4" face="Consolas"><b>查看MySQL的全部用户</b></font></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Consolas; font-size: 16px; line-height: 29px; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); "><br></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Consolas; font-size: 16px; line-height: 29px; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); ">        SELECT DISTINCT CONCAT('User: ''',user,'''@''',host,''';') AS query FROM mysql.user;</span><font class="Apple-style-span" face="Consolas">&nbsp;<br></font></div><!--StartFragment--><!--EndFragment--><div><!--StartFragment--><font class="Apple-style-span" face="Consolas">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;<!--EndFragment--><br></font></div><div><font class="Apple-style-span" face="Consolas"><br></font></div><div><font class="Apple-style-span" face="Consolas"><br></font></div><div><font class="Apple-style-span" face="Consolas"><br></font></div><div><font class="Apple-style-span" face="Consolas"><br></font></div><div><font class="Apple-style-span" face="Consolas"><br></font></div><div><font class="Apple-style-span" face="Consolas"><br></font></div><div><font class="Apple-style-span" face="Consolas"><br></font></div><div><font class="Apple-style-span" face="Consolas"><br></font></div><div><font class="Apple-style-span" face="Consolas"><br></font></div><div><font class="Apple-style-span" face="Consolas"><br></font></div><div><font class="Apple-style-span" face="Consolas"><br></font></div><div><font class="Apple-style-span" face="Consolas"><br></font></div><div><font class="Apple-style-span" face="Consolas"><br></font></div><div><font class="Apple-style-span" face="Consolas"><br></font></div><div><font class="Apple-style-span" face="Consolas"><br></font></div><!--StartFragment--><!--EndFragment--><div><font class="Apple-style-span" face="Consolas"><br></font></div><div><font class="Apple-style-span" face="Consolas"><br></font></div><div><font class="Apple-style-span" face="Consolas"><br></font></div><div><font class="Apple-style-span" face="Consolas"><br></font></div><div><font class="Apple-style-span" face="Consolas"><br></font></div><div><font class="Apple-style-span" face="Consolas"><br></font></div><div><font class="Apple-style-span" face="Consolas"><br></font></div><div><font class="Apple-style-span" face="Consolas"><br></font></div><div><font class="Apple-style-span" face="Consolas"><br></font></div><div><font class="Apple-style-span" face="Consolas"><br></font></div><div><font class="Apple-style-span" face="Consolas"><br></font></div><div><font class="Apple-style-span" face="Consolas"><br></font></div><div><font class="Apple-style-span" face="Consolas"><br></font></div><div><font class="Apple-style-span" face="Consolas"><br></font></div><div><font class="Apple-style-span" face="Consolas"><br></font></div><div><font class="Apple-style-span" face="Consolas"><br></font></div><div><font class="Apple-style-span" face="Consolas"><br></font></div><div><font class="Apple-style-span" face="Consolas"><br></font></div><div><font class="Apple-style-span" face="Consolas"><br></font></div><div><font class="Apple-style-span" face="Consolas"><br></font></div><div><font class="Apple-style-span" face="Consolas"><br></font></div><div><font class="Apple-style-span" face="Consolas"><br></font></div><div><br></div><script type="text/javascript" language="javascript" src="jquery.js"></script><script type="text/javascript" language="javascript" src="itemlink.js"></script></body></html>